Indian Sculpture: Tradition, Symbolism, and Modern Transformations(EN)

Indian sculpture is not merely a display of artistic skill, but rather a vivid expression of Indian culture, religion, philosophy, and spiritual consciousness. From ancient times to the modern era, sculpture has not only showcased beauty in its physical form but has also given concrete shape to humanity's spiritual journey, emotional sensibilities, and cultural identity. This research paper analyzes the traditional roots, symbolic meanings, and modern transformations of Indian sculpture. Starting from the Indus Valley, this tradition has continuously evolved through the Mauryan, Gupta, Chola, Pallava, and modern periods. Through the materials used, techniques, styles, subject matter, and emotional expression in sculpture, this study clarifies the breadth of Indian art.